Thursday, March 12, 2015
Le Chatelier is fun to say!
Disturb a stable chemical equilibrium system, and you'll put it in opposite world. Le Chatelier observed that the system wants to re-store itself to a happy equilibrium balance and will do so by minimizing the disturbance. Don't we all want this? Balance, harmony, peace, with minimal disturbances... If you increase the pressure on an equilibrium system containing gases, then the road to re-storing equilibrium necessitates relieving at least some of the pressure if possible. Do this by making fewer molecules of gas in the closed mixture. If you crank up the heat on a reversible reaction that has worked so hard to achieve equilibrium status, then it will counter by absorbing some of the heat to promote the product of an endothermic direction. Products of endothermic reactions have absorbed more heat energy than its reactants. So then, what happens if you coooool down a reversible reaction? How will the substance counter this disturbance in order to re-establish an equilibrium balance? If you remove product from an equilibrium reaction, then when equilibrium is restored, the composition will have more product than there was before the disturbance. Removing product "favors" product formation. Removing reactant "favors" reactant formation. The more you remove, the more you'll form (but still less than you remove -- there is no *exact* opposite behavior). "Shifting" means "Favoring" a direction of change... changing into more products than in the original equilibrium or changing into more reactants than in the original equilibrium. It is the composition of the mixture that "shifts"! Of all these disturbances, ONLY TEMP can change the value of the equilibrium constant K. The other disturbances can change the product-to-reactant composition, but the overall value of K remains the same -- 2/1 is the same as 12/6 and 20/10, but each ratio is still 2 overall.
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